Of the seven factors they identified, perhaps the most insidious is passivism or passive racism, according to the scholars. This includes an apathy toward systems of racial advantage or denial that those systems even exist.
Discussions about passivism are particularly relevant now, Roberts says, as thousands take to the streets to protest against racism. At the end of the review, the scholars call for a move to anti-racism. Inspired by historian Ibram X. The paper appears in American Psychologist. Source: Stanford University. Search for:. Science Health Culture Environment.
Share this Article. You are free to share this article under the Attribution 4. Stay Connected. Subscribe to our Newsletter. We will not solve systemic racism and inequality over-night, and we have so much work ahead.
But in a world where we often spend more time debating the nature of our problems than taking meaningful action, we must find ways to contribute however we can and to move forward as a community. I firmly believe that we as Americans cannot remain silent about injustice. Inaction is simply unacceptable, and we have to stand up and speak out.
And if our elected representatives and our elected leadership deny the problem, and refuse to act, then we must take on the responsibility of reform from the bottom up with special attention at the ballot box. And especially for those Americans who may look like me — a white American male — or come from a similar background, action begins with reflection, and most importantly listening.
How We Rise is an absolutely critical part of that solution. Related Content Condemning systemic racism John R. The rest of our country must as well. The Brookings Institution Thursday, February 6, In addition, many companies rely on employee social networks for referrals, which can be problematic if your company is largely white, diversity experts told Business Insider.
One survey found that three quarters of white employees don't have any non-white friends. Only 8. While the th Congress, which came into session after the midterm elections, was the most diverse ever , only 57 of the current voting members of Congress are Black. This chart shows the aggregate amount of wealth across groups.
While there are about six times as many white Americans as Black Americans, the aggregate wealth held by the former is about 17 times that held by the latter. A analysis by the left-leaning think tank The Roosevelt Institute suggested that without student loan debt, the wealth gap between young white and Black households would be vastly lower. Equal pay day for a particular racial or gender group marks the extra days someone in that group has to work into the next year to earn what the typical white man earned in the previous year.
Based on income figures from , it would take the median black woman worker extra days into a new year to earn what a median white male worker made in the previous year. An analysis by Opportunity Insights , a research organization studying intergenerational economic and social mobility, found that the children of white households in the bottom quarter of the income distribution were much more likely than children from Black households at the bottom to move up into a higher income bracket over their lives.
The pipeline is part of the problem — if fewer Black children go to schools with robust resources or even math and science classes in high school, then there will be fewer students who have the support and credentials to go to college.
Even though the government desegregated schools 66 years ago, about half of students in the US still attend either predominantly white or non-white schools, according to a report from nonprofit group EdBuild. And the differences between those schools are still visible. This chart, based on another study from Opportunity Insights, looks at the likelihood that a child whose parents had only a high school diploma goes on to earn a college degree or higher.
While formal discrimination for home loans has been illegal in the US for decades , the ongoing divide in mortgage approval rates shows that more informal practices could still be in effect. Lower incomes and higher rates of poverty, combined with difficulties in getting mortgage approval, mean that homeownership rates for Black Americans remain low. Black Americans were nearly twice as likely as their white neighbors to lack health insurance as recently as Black Americans have higher rates of underlying health conditions like diabetes and hypertension that could put them at a higher risk for developing complications from the novel coronavirus.
They also disproportionately hold jobs deemed essential during the pandemic. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics , Black Americans are overrepresented in the country's incarcerated population. FBI arrest data show that Black Americans also make up the majority of suspects arrested and charged with violent crimes such as murder and robbery, which generally carry lengthy sentences. But criminal-justice reform advocates have argued that even taking crime rates into account, Blacks Americans still experience unequal treatment in the justice system compared to their white counterparts.
For instance, Black Americans are much more likely to get arrested on drug charges than white Americans, even though usage rates are comparable.
Once arrested, Black defendants are more likely than white defendants to be denied bail, and more likely to receive harsher charges and sentences than white defendants who committed the same offenses, according to The Sentencing Project. The most recent numbers available on imprisonment rates come from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' analysis of data , which showed that Black men aged were Yet even still, Black Americans — and particularly Black men — remain more likely than any other group to be imprisoned.
For every , Black men there are 2, inmates, whereas for every , white men there are just inmates. According to the federal government's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration , marijuana usage between Black and white Americans is similar. But the usage rate is where the similarities end — that same year, Black Americans were arrested 3. Despite widespread reforms to state marijuana policies, the racial disparity has even gotten worse over the years, not better.
For instance, in , Black people were 3. Research from Columbia University's Justice Lab has shown that Black people are far more likely than white people to be under parole supervision.
Though the federal prison system has largely abolished parole, most states still retain the practice of releasing some inmates from prison sentences early in exchange for heavy supervision while they try to get back on their feet. New York state has a particularly extreme racial disparity when it comes to parole supervision. Black people are 6. They are also 4.
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